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Deploying Django under Apache

Apache 2.2 deployment

Apache 2.2 (http://httpd.apache.org/) is an HTTP server.

For full deployment information, see

Following the "overview for the impatient"...

  • Log in as root user,
    $ sudo su -
  • Download,
    $ lynx http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
    • Alternatively:
      $ wget http://mirrors.ukfast.co.uk/sites/ftp.apache.org//httpd/httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz
  • Extract,
    $ gzip -d httpd-2.2.22.tar.gz 
$ tar xvf httpd-2.2.22.tar
$ cd httpd-2.2.22
  • Configure,
    $ ./configure
    • This uses a default deployment directory of /usr/local/apache2.
  • Compile,
    $ make
  • Install,
    $ make install
  • Start-up server,
    $ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -k start
    • If you get an error like,
      (98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
(98)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address 0.0.0.0:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
Unable to open logs
    • Then edit /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf,
      $ xemacs /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
    • and change,
      Listen 80
    • to a port that is not in use e.g.
      Listen 9090
    • and start Apache,
      $ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl -k start
  • Browse to http://localhost:8080 (or whatever port you specified above) and you should see It works!"

Useful files:

  • Configuration: /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
  • Error log: /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log

mod_wsgi deployment

mod_wsgi (http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/) is an Apache module allowing the hosting of Python applications which suppport Python's WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface).

For full deployment information, see

Now, following the quick installation guide (http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/QuickInstallationGuide),

  • Download latest release (July 2010)
    $ wget http://modwsgi.googlecode.com/files/mod_wsgi-3.3.tar.gz
  • Extract,
    $ gunzip mod_wsgi-3.3.tar.gz 
$ tar -xf mod_wsgi-3.3.tar
$ cd mod_wsgi-3.3
  • Set Python library path, if using a non-default Python distribution. The author uses MAUS Python, so set:
    $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/lib/
  • Configure,
    $ ./configure
    • If you get an error like:
      /home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/bin/python2.7: error while loading 
shared libraries: libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: 
No such file or directory
    • Then set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH as above.
    • If using a non-default Python distribution, then add a --with-python flag pointing to the Python executable. The author uses MAUS Python so set:
         --with-python=/home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/bin/python2.7
    • If you get an error like:
      checking for apxs2... no
checking for apxs... no
checking Apache version... ./configure: line 1704: apxs: command not found
./configure: line 1704: apxs: command not found
./configure: line 1705: apxs: command not found
./configure: line 1708: /: is a directory

checking for python... /home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/bin/python
./configure: line 1877: apxs: command not found
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: error: cannot find input file: Makefile.in
    • Then explicitly provide the path to Apache's apxs command,
      $ ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
    • Combining the above gives,
      $ ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
  --with-python=/home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/bin/python2.7
  • Compile,
    $ make
  • Install,
    $ make install
  • A mod_wsgi.so library is installed in /usr/local/apache2/modules.
  • Configure Apache, edit /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf,
    $ xemacs /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
  • and add,
    LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
  • If you use a non-standard Python location and set LD_LIBRARY_PATH above, then edit /usr/local/apache2/bin/envvars and add a line to set the Python library path e.g.
    LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
  • Restart Apache,
    $ /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
  • If all is well you should see, in /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log a line like,
    [Tue Feb 07 18:50:37 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.22 (Unix) mod_wsgi/3.3 
Python/2.7.2 configured -- resuming normal operations
  • If you see an error like,
    [Tue Feb 07 18:46:40 2012] [notice] SIGHUP received.  Attempting to restart
httpd: Syntax error on line 55 of /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot 
load /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so into server: 
libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    • then you have to set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH as above.
  • Clean up,
    $ make clean

To check your installation (following http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/CheckingYourInstallation),

  • List server information,
    $ /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd  -V
Server version: Apache/2.2.22 (Unix)
...
Server MPM:     Prefork
  threaded:     no
    forked:     yes (variable process count)
Server compiled with....
 -D APACHE_MPM_DIR="server/mpm/prefork" 
...
    • Important information is the version and prefork settings,
  • List compiled-in modules,
    $ /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd  -l
Compiled in modules:
...
  prefork.c
    • You should see prefork.c.
  • List dynamically-loaded modules,
    $ /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd  -M
 mpm_prefork_module (static)
 ...
 wsgi_module (shared)
 ...
    • You should see wsgi_module.
    • If this fails with,
      httpd: Syntax error on line 55 of /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf: 
Cannot load /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so into server: 
libpython2.7.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
    • Then set your LD_LIBRARY_PATH as above and try again,
      $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" 
$ /usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd -M
Loaded Modules:
...
  • List modules linked to by mod_wsgi:
    $ ldd /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_wsgi.so
...
libpython2.7.so.1.0 => /home/michaelj/maus-bzr/maus/third_party/install/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 
(0x00110000)
...
    • You should see the link to your Python library.

Updated by Jackson, Mike over 11 years ago ยท 8 revisions